1 Kings 7:23

Authorized King James Version

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And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ And he made H6213
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ And he made
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 1 of 20
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַיָּ֖ם sea H3220
הַיָּ֖ם sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 3 of 20
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
מוּצָ֑ק a molten H3332
מוּצָ֑ק a molten
Strong's: H3332
Word #: 4 of 20
properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard
עֶ֣שֶׂר ten H6235
עֶ֣שֶׂר ten
Strong's: H6235
Word #: 5 of 20
ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits H520
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
מִשְּׂפָת֨וֹ from the one brim H8193
מִשְּׂפָת֨וֹ from the one brim
Strong's: H8193
Word #: 7 of 20
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 8 of 20
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
שְׂפָת֜וֹ H8145
שְׂפָת֜וֹ
Strong's: H8145
Word #: 9 of 20
properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again
עָגֹ֣ל׀ it was round H5696
עָגֹ֣ל׀ it was round
Strong's: H5696
Word #: 10 of 20
circular
סָבִֽיב׃ all about H5439
סָבִֽיב׃ all about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 11 of 20
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
וְחָמֵ֤שׁ was five H2568
וְחָמֵ֤שׁ was five
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 12 of 20
five
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits H520
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 13 of 20
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
קֽוֹמָת֔וֹ and his height H6967
קֽוֹמָת֔וֹ and his height
Strong's: H6967
Word #: 14 of 20
height
וְקָו֙ה and a line H6957
וְקָו֙ה and a line
Strong's: H6957
Word #: 15 of 20
a cord (as connecting), especially for measuring; figuratively, a rule; also a rim, a musical string or accord
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים of thirty H7970
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים of thirty
Strong's: H7970
Word #: 16 of 20
thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits H520
בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 17 of 20
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
יָסֹ֥ב did compass H5437
יָסֹ֥ב did compass
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 18 of 20
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֹת֖וֹ H853
אֹת֖וֹ
Strong's: H853
Word #: 19 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
סָבִֽיב׃ all about H5439
סָבִֽיב׃ all about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 20 of 20
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

Analysis & Commentary

And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of temple furnishings and solomon's palace, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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